Modelling the temperature of Electric Vehicle (EV) batteries is a fundamental task of EV manufacturing. Extreme temperatures in the battery packs can affect their longevity and power output. Although theoretical models exist for describing heat transfer in battery packs, they are computationally expensive to simulate. Furthermore, it is difficult to acquire data measurements from within the battery cell. In this work, we propose a data-driven surrogate model (LiFe-net) that uses readily accessible driving diagnostics for battery temperature estimation to overcome these limitations. This model incorporates Neural Operators with a traditional numerical integration scheme to estimate the temperature evolution. Moreover, we propose two further variations of the baseline model: LiFe-net trained with a regulariser and LiFe-net trained with time stability loss. We compared these models in terms of generalization error on test data. The results showed that LiFe-net trained with time stability loss outperforms the other two models and can estimate the temperature evolution on unseen data with a relative error of 2.77 % on average.

Steerable convolutional neural networks (CNNs) provide a general framework for building neural networks equivariant to translations and other transformations belonging to an origin-preserving group $G$, such as reflections and rotations. They rely on standard convolutions with $G$-steerable kernels obtained by analytically solving the group-specific equivariance constraint imposed onto the kernel space. As the solution is tailored to a particular group $G$, the implementation of a kernel basis does not generalize to other symmetry transformations, which complicates the development of group equivariant models. We propose using implicit neural representation via multi-layer perceptrons (MLPs) to parameterize $G$-steerable kernels. The resulting framework offers a simple and flexible way to implement Steerable CNNs and generalizes to any group $G$ for which a $G$-equivariant MLP can be built. We apply our method to point cloud (ModelNet-40) and molecular data (QM9) and demonstrate a significant improvement in performance compared to standard Steerable CNNs.

While the interaction of ultra-intense ultra-short laser pulses with near- and overcritical plasmas cannot be directly observed, experimentally accessible quantities (observables) often only indirectly give information about the underlying plasma dynamics. Furthermore, the information provided by observables is incomplete, making the inverse problem highly ambiguous. Therefore, in order to infer plasma dynamics as well as experimental parameter, the full distribution over parameters given an observation needs to considered, requiring that models are flexible and account for the information lost in the forward process. Invertible Neural Networks (INNs) have been designed to efficiently model both the forward and inverse process, providing the full conditional posterior given a specific measurement. In this work, we benchmark INNs and standard statistical methods on synthetic electron spectra. First, we provide experimental results with respect to the acceptance rate, where our results show increases in acceptance rates up to a factor of 10. Additionally, we show that this increased acceptance rate also results in an increased speed-up for INNs to the same extent. Lastly, we propose a composite algorithm that utilizes INNs and promises low runtimes while preserving high accuracy.

The upcoming exascale era will provide a new generation of physics simulations. These simulations will have a high spatiotemporal resolution, which will impact the training of machine learning models since storing a high amount of simulation data on disk is nearly impossible. Therefore, we need to rethink the training of machine learning models for simulations for the upcoming exascale era. This work presents an approach that trains a neural network concurrently to a running simulation without storing data on a disk. The training pipeline accesses the training data by in-memory streaming. Furthermore, we apply methods from the domain of continual learning to enhance the generalization of the model. We tested our pipeline on the training of a 3d autoencoder trained concurrently to laser wakefield acceleration particle-in-cell simulation. Furthermore, we experimented with various continual learning methods and their effect on the generalization.

神经影像学技术产生高维的随机数据，从中提取有关感兴趣现象的高级知识可能是具有挑战性的。我们通过将生成建模框架应用于1）分类多种病理和2）以数据驱动方式来解决这些挑战。我们的框架学习了与病理有关的数据的生成因素。我们提供了一种算法来进一步解码这些因素，并观察不同的病理如何影响观察到的数据。我们说明了拟议方法在识别精神分裂症的适用性，然后是听觉语言幻觉。我们进一步证明了该框架学习与当前领域知识一致的疾病相关机制的能力。我们还将所提出的框架与几种基准方法进行比较，并表明其分类性能和解释性优势。

已经研究了各种关注机制，以提高各种计算机视觉任务的性能。然而，先前的方法忽略了保留关于通道和空间方面的信息的重要性，以增强交叉尺寸相互作用。因此，我们提出了一种全球关注机制，通过减少信息减少和放大全球互动表示来提高深度神经网络的性能。我们将3D排列引入了多层 - Perceptron，用于伴随着卷积的空间注意子模块的频道注意。对CiFar-100和ImageNet-1K上的图像分类任务的提出机制的评估表明，我们的方法稳定地优于Reset和轻量级Mobilenet的几个最近的关注机制。

识别不太突出的功能是模型压缩的键。但是，它尚未在革命性的关注机制中进行调查。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种基于新的标准化的注意力模块（NAM），其抑制了不太突出的重量。因此，它将重量稀疏性罚款施加到注意模块，从而使它们更加计算有效，同时保持类似的性能。与Reset和MobileNet上的三种其他关注机制的比较表明我们的方法能够更高的准确性。本文的代码可以在https://github.com/christian -lyc/nam公开访问。

归一化流是突出的深层生成模型，提供了易诊的概率分布和有效密度估计。但是，众所周知，在检测到分配（OOD）输入时，它们是众所周知的，因为它们直接在其潜在空间中对输入表示的本地特征进行了编码。在本文中，我们通过演示流动，如果通过注意机制延伸，可以通过表明流动，可以可靠地检测到包括对抗攻击的异常值。我们的方法不需要对培训的异常数据，并通过在多样化的实验设置中报告最先进的性能来展示我们的ood检测方法的效率。代码在https://github.com/computationalradiationphysphysics/inflow上提供。

The future of population-based breast cancer screening is likely personalized strategies based on clinically relevant risk models. Mammography-based risk models should remain robust to domain shifts caused by different populations and mammographic devices. Modern risk models do not ensure adaptation across vendor-domains and are often conflated to unintentionally rely on both precursors of cancer and systemic/global mammographic information associated with short- and long-term risk, respectively, which might limit performance. We developed a robust, cross-vendor model for long-term risk assessment. An augmentation-based domain adaption technique, based on flavorization of mammographic views, ensured generalization to an unseen vendor-domain. We trained on samples without diagnosed/potential malignant findings to learn systemic/global breast tissue features, called mammographic texture, indicative of future breast cancer. However, training so may cause erratic convergence. By excluding noise-inducing samples and designing a case-control dataset, a robust ensemble texture model was trained. This model was validated in two independent datasets. In 66,607 Danish women with flavorized Siemens views, the AUC was 0.71 and 0.65 for prediction of interval cancers within two years (ICs) and from two years after screening (LTCs), respectively. In a combination with established risk factors, the model's AUC increased to 0.68 for LTCs. In 25,706 Dutch women with Hologic-processed views, the AUCs were not different from the AUCs in Danish women with flavorized views. The results suggested that the model robustly estimated long-term risk while adapting to an unseen processed vendor-domain. The model identified 8.1% of Danish women accounting for 20.9% of ICs and 14.2% of LTCs.

We present a machine-learning framework to accurately characterize morphologies of Active Galactic Nucleus (AGN) host galaxies within $z<1$. We first use PSFGAN to decouple host galaxy light from the central point source, then we invoke the Galaxy Morphology Network (GaMorNet) to estimate whether the host galaxy is disk-dominated, bulge-dominated, or indeterminate. Using optical images from five bands of the HSC Wide Survey, we build models independently in three redshift bins: low $(0<z<0.25)$, medium $(0.25<z<0.5)$, and high $(0.5<z<1.0)$. By first training on a large number of simulated galaxies, then fine-tuning using far fewer classified real galaxies, our framework predicts the actual morphology for $\sim$ $60\%-70\%$ host galaxies from test sets, with a classification precision of $\sim$ $80\%-95\%$, depending on redshift bin. Specifically, our models achieve disk precision of $96\%/82\%/79\%$ and bulge precision of $90\%/90\%/80\%$ (for the 3 redshift bins), at thresholds corresponding to indeterminate fractions of $30\%/43\%/42\%$. The classification precision of our models has a noticeable dependency on host galaxy radius and magnitude. No strong dependency is observed on contrast ratio. Comparing classifications of real AGNs, our models agree well with traditional 2D fitting with GALFIT. The PSFGAN+GaMorNet framework does not depend on the choice of fitting functions or galaxy-related input parameters, runs orders of magnitude faster than GALFIT, and is easily generalizable via transfer learning, making it an ideal tool for studying AGN host galaxy morphology in forthcoming large imaging survey.